HIIT or High Intensity Interval Training is a more
robust form of the well-known or often used interval training. It is
also called High Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE) or Sprint
Interval Training (which is a bit of a misnomer).
It is an exercise strategy that uses short bursts of intense anaerobic
exercise with less-intense, yet still challenging, aerobic recovery
periods.
HIIT sessions can vary in time, intensity and
repetition duration. HIIT sessions may last 4-30 minutes, vary in heart
rate range, and may include as little as three repetitions or as many
as 30.
Structure
A HIIT session consists of an abundant full body warm up, followed by
three to 15 repetitions of high intensity exercise. These bursts of
high intensity exercise are paired with medium intensity cardiovascular
recovery periods. The high intensity exercise
should be completed at near maximum intensity with the recovery
exercise at around 50%-65%.
The number of sets or repetitions will depend on the individual
exercises, the individual doing them and/or if there are sport specific
considerations with energy expenditure or sport specific related times
(ex. Shift in hockey, Maximal power performance for
a single or low rep movement).
History and Dr. Tabata
An early version of HIIT was named after, and based on, a study in 1996
by Professor Izumi Tabata involving Olympic Speed skaters and their work
on a resisted cycle ergometer. Professor Tabata referred to this as
the IE1 Protocol. This was later followed
up with a IE2 Protocol.
The results of the IE1 Protocol were mixed as the test group and the
control group (steady state) training both had gains that were not
replicated by the other group. The test group (or Tabata group) had
significant anaerobic gains while the control group
(Steady State Group) had a greater VO2 max.
Detractors of this style of training are quick to point this out, while
supporters are just as quick to point out that the Tabata group or IE1
Protocol group started out lower and gained more in their VO2 max overall.
Benefits
The aerobic benefits to HIIT are as follows. In one study, HIIT was
shown to achieve similar biochemical muscle changes and similar
endurance benefits in 2.5 hours of HIIT as compared to 10.5 hours of
steady state endurance training. HIIT was found to
increase both the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and post exercise oxygen
consumption for 24 hours post exercise and may improve VO2 max more
effectively than doing traditional endurance training.
The metabolic benefits to HIIT are as follows. In the past, it was
believed that due to the metabolism of fatty acids occurring at around
the 30 minute mark of cardiovascular training, athletes or individuals
had to meet or exceed this value to notice any
significant change in body fat totals. HIIT has proven to be counter
to this idea as it has significant levels of fatty acid metabolism.
However, this may be due to a series of contributing factors. One being
that HIIT combines anaerobic training with aerobic
training, thus enlisting more body systems. Or a second, that shows
that through HIIT more major and minor muscle groups are enlisted to
complete the range of exercises over and above the muscles that would be
recruited through a traditional cardiovascular
exercise.
Practical Application
As a result of this data I have put together a series of HIIT based
training programs that I will share. The difference with this program
is that I superset a series of movements in between the recovery periods
to integrate a full body approach.
Here is the first. Timing, repetition and set count can be altered based on physical ability or availability.
Skipper
Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Lateral Raise (8 reps)
Shoulder Press (8 reps)
Hammer Curl (8 reps)
Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Decline Push Up (10 reps)
Jump Lunge (10 reps, 5 per side)
Prison Squat (10 reps)
Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Kettle bell swings with squat (10 reps)
Teapot Squat (10 reps)
Kettle bell shoulder swings (10 reps)
Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Kettle bell single arm row (8 reps)
Tricep Dip (8 reps)
Kettle bell reverse fly (8 reps)
References:
• Tremblay A, Simoneau JA, Bouchard C (1994). "Impact of Exercise Intensity on Body Fatness and Skeletal
Muscle Metablism". Metabolism
43 (7): 814–818.
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1016/ 0026-0495(94)90259-3). PMID 8028502 (http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 8028502).
• Tabata I. et. al. (1996). "Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on
anaerobic capacity and VO2max".
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(10): 1327–30. doi:
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• Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA (January 2012).
"Physiological adaptations to low-volume,
high-intensity interval training in health and disease".
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• Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM,
et al.
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Note: Please see a doctor before engaging in any kind of physical activity or training. I take care of me, you take care of you.