HIIT

HIIT or High Intensity Interval Training is a more robust form of the well-known or often used interval training.  It is also called High Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE) or Sprint Interval Training (which is a bit of a misnomer).  It is an exercise strategy that uses short bursts of intense anaerobic exercise with less-intense, yet still challenging, aerobic recovery periods.

HIIT sessions can vary in time, intensity and repetition duration.  HIIT sessions may last 4-30 minutes, vary in heart rate range, and may include as little as three repetitions or as many as 30.

Structure
A HIIT session consists of an abundant full body warm up, followed by three to 15 repetitions of high intensity exercise.  These bursts of high intensity exercise are paired with medium intensity cardiovascular recovery periods.  The high intensity exercise should be completed at near maximum intensity with the recovery exercise at around 50%-65%.
The number of sets or repetitions will depend on the individual exercises, the individual doing them and/or if there are sport specific considerations with energy expenditure or sport specific related times (ex. Shift in hockey, Maximal power performance for a single or low rep movement).

History and Dr. Tabata
An early version of HIIT was named after, and based on, a study in 1996 by Professor Izumi Tabata involving Olympic Speed skaters and their work on a resisted cycle ergometer.  Professor Tabata referred to this as the IE1 Protocol.  This was later followed up with a IE2 Protocol.
The results of the IE1 Protocol were mixed as the test group and the control group (steady state) training both had gains that were not replicated by the other group.  The test group (or Tabata group) had significant anaerobic gains while the control group (Steady State Group) had a greater VO₂ max.
Detractors of this style of training are quick to point this out, while supporters are just as quick to point out that the Tabata group or IE1 Protocol group started out lower and gained more in their VO₂ max overall.

Benefits
The aerobic benefits to HIIT are as follows.  In one study, HIIT was shown to achieve similar biochemical muscle changes and similar endurance benefits in 2.5 hours of HIIT as compared to 10.5 hours of steady state endurance training.  HIIT was found to increase both the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and post exercise oxygen consumption for 24 hours post exercise and may improve VO2 max more effectively than doing traditional endurance training.
The metabolic benefits to HIIT are as follows.  In the past, it was believed that due to the metabolism of fatty acids occurring at around the 30 minute mark of cardiovascular training, athletes or individuals had to meet or exceed this value to notice any significant change in body fat totals.  HIIT has proven to be counter to this idea as it has significant levels of fatty acid metabolism.  However, this may be due to a series of contributing factors.  One being that HIIT combines anaerobic training with aerobic training, thus enlisting more body systems. Or a second, that shows that through HIIT more major and minor muscle groups are enlisted to complete the range of exercises over and above the muscles that would be recruited through a traditional cardiovascular exercise.

Practical Application
As a result of this data I have put together a series of HIIT based training programs that I will share.  The difference with this program is that I superset a series of movements in between the recovery periods to integrate a full body approach.

Here is the first.  Timing, repetition and set count can be altered based on physical ability or availability.

Skipper
            Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
            Lateral Raise (8 reps)
            Shoulder Press (8 reps)
            Hammer Curl (8 reps)

Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Decline Push Up (10 reps)
Jump Lunge (10 reps, 5 per side)
Prison Squat (10 reps)

Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Kettle bell swings with squat (10 reps)
Teapot Squat (10 reps)
Kettle bell shoulder swings (10 reps)

Skipping 40 rotations followed by 5 double-unders until you reach 100 rotations
Kettle bell single arm row (8 reps)
Tricep Dip (8 reps)
Kettle bell reverse fly (8 reps)

References:
• Tremblay A, Simoneau JA, Bouchard C (1994). "Impact of Exercise Intensity on Body Fatness and Skeletal

Muscle Metablism". Metabolism 43 (7): 814–818. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90259-3 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10.

1016/ 0026-0495(94)90259-3). PMID 8028502 (http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 8028502).

• Tabata I. et. al. (1996). "Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on

anaerobic capacity and VO2max". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 28 (10): 1327–30. doi:

10.1097/00005768-199610000-00018 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1097/ 00005768-199610000-00018). PMID

8897392 (http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 8897392).

• Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA (January 2012). "Physiological adaptations to low-volume,

high-intensity interval training in health and disease". J Physiol 590 (Pt 5): 1077–84. doi:

10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1113/ jphysiol. 2011. 224725). PMID 22289907 (http:/ /

www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 22289907).

• Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, et al. (January 2008). "Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise

after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans" (http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/

pmc/ articles/ PMC2375551). J. Physiol. (Lond.) 586 (1): 151–60. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142109 (http:/ / dx.

doi. org/ 10. 1113/ jphysiol. 2007. 142109). PMC 2375551 (http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pmc/

Note:  Please see a doctor before engaging in any kind of physical activity or training.  I take care of me, you take care of you.